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PARTS OF SPEECH اجزائے کلام

Ò 1. NOUN اسم (Naming words)

Ò 2. PRONOUN اسم ضمیر (Words that used instead of name)

Ò 3. VERB فعل(کام) (Action words)

Ò 4. ADVERB متعلق فعل (Words that add meaning to verb)

Ò 5. ADJECTIVE اسم صفت (Words that define noun or pronoun)

Ò 6. PREPOSITION حرف جار (Words tell the position)

Ò 7. CONJUNCTION حرف ربط (Joining words)

Ò 8. INTERJECTION حرف فجائیہ (Words that show emotions)

Ò 9. ARTICLES حرف تنکیر(Specifying words)

Ò ADVERB (متعلق فعل)

Ò Definition:

Ò An adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective.

Ò For Example:

Ò Fast, Hard, Luckily, Correctly, angrily, happily, there, here, down, away, any where, now, after, daily, late, yesterday, once, twice, often, surely, definitely, too, that, very, fully, completely, when, where, why, how etc.

Ò Kinds Of Adverbs

Ò (1) Adverb of Manner (how an action is done)

Ò (2) Adverb of Place (where an action is done )

Ò (3) Adverb of Time (when an action is done )

Ò (4) Adverb of Frequency (how often an action is done)

Ò (5) Adverb of Certainty (show definiteness of the action)

Ò (6) Adverb of Degree or Quantity (to what extent an action is done)

Ò (1) Adverbs of Manner

Ò Definition:

Ò An adverb used to show how an action is done is known as an Adverb of Manner. It answers the question how or in what manner?

Ò Adverbs of Manner:

Ò well, badly, quickly, bravely, happily, slowly, fast, hard, soundly, probably, possibly, luckily, unluckily, reluctantly, willingly, sadly, carefully, carelessly, correctly, incorrectly, directly, beautifully, meticulously, clearly, fortunately, unfortunately, gracefully, gracelessly, seriously, so, agreeably, angrily, secretly, quietly, generously, kindly, foolishly, stupidly etc.

Ò Examples (Adverb of manner)

Ò – They lived happily.

Ò – Ali walks gracefully.

Ò – She sings beautifully.

Ò – He drives slowly.

Ò – She lent me a car reluctantly.

Ò – They work hard.

Ò – This story is well written.

Ò – She reads poems clearly.

Ò – They fought bravely.

Ò (2) Adverbs of place

Ò Definition:

Ò An adverb of place used to show where an action is done is known as an Adverb of Place. It answers the question where?

Ò Adverbs of place:

Ò There, here, everywhere, up, down, near, abroad, below, above, away, out, in, by, upstairs, downstairs, inside, outside, within, backward, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere etc.

Ò Examples (Adverb of place)

Ò – She went there. (Where did she go?)

Ò – She stood there (Where did she stand?)

Ò – He fell backward. (Where did he fall?)

Ò – They are walking backward (Where are they walking?)

Ò – The little lamb followed Hina everywhere.

Ò – My brother is outside.

Ò – Please come here.

Ò – Come in.

Ò – Sana is upstairs.

Ò – He lives abroad.

Ò – She went away.

Ò (3) Adverbs of time

Ò Definition:

Ò An adverb of time used to show when an action is done is known as an Adverb of Time. It answers the question When?

Ò Adverbs of Time:

Ò Then, now, today, tomorrow, early, soon, still, yet, before, ago, late, daily, already, since, formerly, after, lately, never, once, afterwards, recently, currently, eventually etc.

Ò Examples (adverb of time)

Ò – She will come here soon (When will she come here?)

Ò – She came here yesterday (When did she come here?)

Ò – I had a letter from him lately (When did I have a letter from him?)

Ò – He comes here daily (when does he come here?)

Ò – I have heard this before.

Ò – I hurt my knees yesterday.

Ò – Do you go now?

Ò – I have spoken to him already.

Ò – That day he arrived late.

Ò (4) Adverbs of Frequency

Ò Definition:

Ò An adverb used to show how often an action is done is known as an Adverb of Frequency. It answers the question How often?

Ò Adverbs of Frequency:

Ò Once, twice, often, never, always, occasionally, again, frequently, seldom, ever, generally, usually, repeatedly, periodically, hardly, rarely, continually, scarcely etc.

Ò Examples (adverb of frequency)

Ò – They talked to each other again (How often did they talk to each other?)

Ò – We visited her twice (How often did we visit her?)

Ò – They never go to market (How often do they go to market?)

Ò – I have told you twice. – He often makes mistakes.

Ò – He always tries to do his best. – He seldom comes here.

Ò – I have not seen him once. – The postman called again.

Ò – He frequently unprepared. – Barking dog never bites.

Ò – I have never done anything so hard in my life.

Ò (5) Adverbs of Certainty

Ò Definition:

Ò An Adverb used to show definiteness of the action is known as an Adverb of Certainty.

Ò Adverbs of Certainty:

Ò Surely, certainly, definitely, obviously etc.

Ò Examples (adverb of certainty)

Ò – Surely she loves me.

Ò – Surely you are mistaken.

Ò – I shall certainly help you.

Ò – He certainly killed her with an injection.

Ò – Mr. Asif is obviously very clever.

Ò (6) Adverbs of Degree or Quantity

Ò Definition:

Ò An adverb used to show how much or in what degree or to what extent an action is done is known as an Adverb of Degree or Quantity. It answers the question How much or in what degree or to what extent?

Ò Adverbs of Degree or Quantity:

Ò too, that, very, rather, fairly, quite, almost, hardly, fully, enough, so, altogether, no, pretty, any partly, much, a little, as absolutely, barely, completely, entirely, extremely, far, just, nearly, only, really etc.

Ò Examples (adverb of degree/quantity)

Ò – He was too careless.

Ò – These mangoes are almost ripe.

Ò – You are quite wrong.

Ò – I am fully prepared.

Ò – You are partly right.

Ò – The sea is very stormy.

Ò – He is good enough for my purpose.

Ò – He is very great.

Ò – We have eaten enough.

Ò – I am feeling much better.

Ò (7) Interrogative adverb

Ò Definition:

Ò An adverb used to ask questions is known as an Interrogative Adverb. Forms: When? Where? Why? How?

Ò (a) Interrogative Adverb of Time: When? means “at what time?”

Ò – When do you get up? – When do you come here? – When did he die?

Ò – When will you get married? – When did you return home?

Ò (b) Interrogative Adverb of Place: Where? means “in what place?”

Ò – Where did you see him? – Where were you born? – Where did you live?

Ò – Where do you plan to go? – Where shall I wait for you?

Ò (c) Interrogative Adverb of Reason / Cause: Why? means “for what reason?”

Ò – Why was he late? – Why did you kill her with an injection?

Ò – Why did he miss the bus? – Why don’t you shake hands with him?

Ò (d) Interrogative Adverb of Manner: How? means “in what way?”

Ò – How did you come? – How do you start the engine?

Ò – How do you read it? – How do you swim? – How do you go to school?

Ò (e) Interrogative Adverb of Number: How many + plural noun? How much + uncountable noun?

Ò – How many students are in your class? – How many (pictures) did you buy?

Ò – How much (money) do you want? – How many students are absent from class today?

Ò (f) Interrogative Adverb of Degree: How + adjective / adverb?

Ò – How high is the tree? – How old are you? – How tall are you?

Ò – How fast does he drive? – How often do you go abroad?

Ò – How deep is the lake?– How heavy is the box ?